IRGSC Working Paper Series

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IRGSC

IRGSC Research Working Paper

Working Paper No:	WP No. 1
Title:	Post disaster governance, complexity and network theory: evidence from Aceh, Indonesia after the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 . PDF
Abstract	This research aims to understand the inter-organizational network typology of large scale disaster intervention in developing countries and to understand complexity of post disaster intervention through the use of network theory based on empirical data from post tsunami reconstruction in Aceh, Indonesia, during 2005-2007. The findings suggest that the ‘degrees of separation’ (or network diameter) between any two organizations in the field is 5. There are significant amount of loops in the network which reflects typical ‘small-world’ realities and therefore made no significant difference with the real human networks as found in previous experiments. The findings show the landscape of humanitarian actors is not randomly distributed. Many actors were connected to each other through certain hubs, while hundreds of the actors make ‘scattered’ single ‘principal-client’ links. The paper concludes that by understanding the distribution of degree, centrality, ‘degrees of separation’ and visualization of the network, authorities can improve their understanding of realities of coordination from macro to micro scales.
Keywords:	Large scale disasters, post disaster governance, complexity, network theory, cluster approach, managing complexity, Indian Ocean Tsunami
Author(s):	Jonatan A. Lassa
Date	August 2012

Working Paper No:	WP No. 2
Title:	The evolution of risk and vulnerability in Greater Jakarta: contesting government policy in dealing with a megacity’s exposure to flooding. PDF
Abstract	Greater Jakarta experiences high and vast economic development and population growth over the last three decades. As a home to more than ten million population and over two million daily commuters, the future of the city depends on innovative strategic planning and creative governance for sustainability. The development and expansion of Jakarta are driven by market though local-global drivers facilitated by formal-informal mechanism. While the cities develop tremendously, their exposures to hazards and vulnerabilities increase. With the future scenarios of climate change impacts (i.e sea level rise and floods) coupled with urban environmental problems (e.g. poor waste management, high sedimentation of river channels), Jakarta has a potential to experience series of black swan events as in January 2013 flood and it may become an unsustainable city. As the protection against flood risks through adaptive infrastructures is lacking, people and their assets are more exposed to flood risks. This paper highlights the development of Jakarta and it’s social-economic-environmental vulnerability. The paper uses formal statistical data, flood historical data and secondary sources to examine the evolution of flood risks in Jakarta over the last three decades. This paper asks: what are the main factors that contribute to the evolution of risks in Jakarta? The findings reveal that there is barely connection between government policy related to flood control and the metropolitan development which lead market to shape the unsustained development outcomes exemplified by the fact that built-up areas in Jakarta have been more exposed to flooding uncontrollably. One of the recommendations suggests fundamental reform in the existing megacity planning because that Jakarta and Greater Jakarta needs a grand design for 2100. Fundamental reform in urban planning regimes in Indonesia especially Jakarta is necessary. The Jabodatabek needs a grand design for 50 and 100 years anticipating more 'black swan' and future climate extremes.
Keywords:	Development, floods governance, Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, flood risk
Author(s):	Saut Sagala, Jonatan A. Lassa, Hadian Yasaditama and Delik Hudalah
Date	January 2013

Working Paper No:	WP No. 4
Title:	Public Private Partnership in Disaster Reduction in a Developing Country: Findings From West Sumatra, Indonesia
Abstract	Local governments in developing countries often experience gaps in resource to address overall stock of disaster risks and vulnerabilities because there are many other competing urgencies and priorities. Therefore, alternative risk reduction financing is necessary to fill the gaps. This justifies the need for a new form of risk governance by inviting non-state actors such as civil society and private entities to collaborate in risk reduction. This collaboration emerges as form of disaster risk governance namely public-private partnership under the coordination of plus civil society. This paper asks what drives local firms participate in public-private partnership in reducing risks in Indonesia? The case presented here is based on the empirical work of Public Private Partnership for Disaster Management (P3DM) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The paper concludes that the nature P3 in West Sumatra is characterized by high degree of informality and flexibility in their partnership.
Keywords:	public-private partnership, disaster reduction, Civil society organisation, Tsunami preparedness, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Author(s):	Jonatan A. Lassa
Date	April 2013

Working Paper No:	WP No. 3
Title:	Conceptualizing an established network of a community based flood early warning system: Case of Cawang, East Jakarta, Jakarta. PDF
Abstract	Application of social network analysis to the study of early warning systems is not yet available. This paper conceptualizes the established practice of a real world flood warning system in Cawang, Jakarta. This paper uses social network analysis in visualizing the transmission of flood warning messages in Cawang, Jakarta. It concludes that social network analysis is a powerful and promising tool to understand end-to-end early warning systems.
Keywords:	Early warning systems, community based, flood warning, social network, Ciliwung, Jakarta
Author(s):	Jonatan A. Lassa, Saut Sagala, Adi Suryadini
Date	February 2013

Working Paper No:	WP No. 5
Title:	Actors’ Interaction In Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction in West Java Earthquakes 2009
Abstract	Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai proses interaksi berbagai pihak yang terlibat dalam kegiatan rekonstruksi rumah di Kecamatan Pangalengan sebagai dampak gempa bumi Jawa Barat Tahun 2009. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kaulitatif dan difokuskan penggambaran pola oleh peran yang diambil oleh aktor yang terlibat dan mengeksplorasi interaksi mereka. Interaksi aktor 'disajikan dalam pengukuran statistik dan analisis jaringan sosial. Penelitian ini menemukan terdapat 41 pelaku yang terlibat dalam rekonstruksi perumahan di Kecamatan Pangalengan dimana 18 aktor menjadi aktor sentral (ego). Berdasarkan analisis jaringan sosial dan proses rekonstruksi perumahan, studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa proses interaksi antara mereka tidak optimal.
Keywords:	Recovery, post disaster reconstruction, social network analysis, stakeholders, earthquakes
Author(s):	Saut Sagala, Fernando Situngkir, Ramanditya Wimbardana and Jonatan A. Lassa
Date	May 2013

Working Paper No:	WP No. 6
Title:	What are the roles of Civil Society in Governing Disaster Reduction? Case Study from National and Local Levels in Indonesia?
Abstract	Risk governance concept promotes the empirical power (such as government, market and civil society) that co-exists to govern risk and catastrophe. This paper highlights evidence of disaster risk governance at national and local levels in Indonesia. Drawing upon the strength of social network approach, it specifically analyzes and presents the network of actors in disaster risk reduction policy reform in Indonesia where civil society plays vital roles. Two case studies are provided to exemplify the roles of civil society at local level. The paper concludes that disaster reduction policy reform at different levels in Indonesia have been equally coproduced by civil society, local governments, national government and international actors.
Keywords:	social network analysis, civil society, disaster governance, risk governance, disaster policy making process, legitimacy, Indonesia.
Author(s):	Jonatan A. Lassa, Dominggus Elcid Li, Rudi Rohi, Yosef Boli Sura
Date	June 2013

Working Paper No:	WP No. 7
Title:	Future of Latrines and the Future of Civilization: Understanding Cultural Barriers and Opportunities in West Timor [An anthropological Survey of Sanitation in West Timor, Indonesia]
Abstract	Bahasa: Tulisan ini merupakan ringkasan dari penelitian antropologi budaya terkait air dan sanitasi (WASH) di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Fakta empirik yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah dari Kecamatan Takari dan Amabi Oefeto Timur di Kabupaten Kupang. Penggunaan metode antropologis membantu menjelaskan mengapa terjadi pertumbuhan pembangunan sanitasi yang sangat lambat. Tulisan ini berkontribusi pada debat akademis terkait sanitasi dan public health secara umum di NTT, khususnya Kabupaten Kupang. Versi berbahasa Indonesia ini adalah versi ringkas dari tulisan 25 halaman berjudul "The Anthropology of WASH in Rural West Timor: A Socio-anthropological Study" yang dikirimkan ke ACF International dan ke sebuah peer review academic journal. PDF Bahasa English: This study uses antrhopological approach to understand culture of Atoni people in Kupang District (NTT, Indonesia), in particular the culture of sanitation, water and hygiene. It asks how the locals (atoni) in general perceive about ideal WASH practices and actual everyday in their daily life and what kinds of social-cultural/economic or environmental incentives that shape practices, beliefs and habits (PBHs)? This working paper is a shorted version from the 25 page report entitled "The Anthropology of WASH in Rural West Timor: A Socio-anthropological Study" submitted to ACF International". PDF English
Keywords:	Anthropology of sanitation, WASH, water, sanitation, hygiene, sanitation culture
Author(s):	Dominggus Elcid Li, Jonatan A. Lassa, John Talan, Yosef Boli Sura, Randy Banunaek, Nike Frans dan Indriyani Takesan
Date	June 2013